SNPTS

Things I use but often forget.

Cleanup before a merge request

Squash commits (interactive)

git rebase -i HEAD~3 --autostash

Effect: rerun the 3 last commits.
Do: follow the interactive indication.
Prefer fixup to stash to put one minor commit into another.
Prefer --force-with-lease to --force when pushing.

Rewrite commits

git reset (--soft) HEAD~3

Effect: remove the last 3 commits, but keep the changes
use –soft to keep the changes in the staging area
Do: create new commits

Change last commit message

git commit --amend -m "New Message"

Cheery pick some changes

git cherry-pick <SHA-1>

Use --no-commit or -n to pick the change without committing.

Quick stash

--autostash works with most of the commands.

Does not work with checkout, so:

git stash && git fetch && git checkout my_branch && git stash pop

Download a single file

git fetch --all
git checkout origin/myBranch -- my/file.cpp

Bash

Files with details

ls -hal

Change permissions

More permissions here.

chmod -R MODE DIRECTORY

chmod -R 755 /var/www/html

MODE in octal notation is handy but cannot do incremental change.

chmod +x my script.sh

See the official doc for more variable expansion.

getValue or default

${MY_VAR:-"default_value"}

getValue or default and set

If MY_VAR is not set, it is set to the right side.

${MY_VAR:="default_value"}

Expand if not empty else nothing

Expand the right if left is set and non-empty. Otherwise expands to nothing

${MY_VAR:+"$MY_VAR"}

Slice

string=01234567890abcdefgh
echo ${string:7}
>>> 7890abcdefgh
echo ${string:7:2}
>>> 78
echo ${string:7:-2}
>>> 7890abcdef
echo ${string: -7}
>>> bcdefgh
$ echo ${string: -7:2}
bc
$ echo ${string: -7:-2}
bcdef

Get the length of a variable

${#VAR}

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